Pedra Branca
(formerly referred to by Malaysia as Pulau Batu Puteh and now as Batu Puteh) is
an outlying island and also the easternmost point of Singapore.
It is
currently under dispute between Singapore and Malaysia both claiming it as
belonging to their territory.
The island
consists of a small outcrop of granite rocks with an area of about 8,560 square
metres (92,100 sq ft).
Pedra Branca
was known to sailors for centuries. It was originally within the territory of
the Johor Sultanate, which was founded in 1528, and remained under the new
Sultanate of Johor under the British sphere of influence following the signing
of the Anglo–Dutch Treaty of 1824 between the United Kingdom and the Netherlands.
Between 1850
and 1851, the British built Horsburgh Lighthouse on the island without seeking
the consent of the Johor authorities, or even informing them of the decision.
From that
time, the Straits Settlements administered the island; Singapore then assumed
responsibility in 1946 after the dissolution of the Straits Settlements.
On 21
September 1953, the Acting State Secretary of Johor, responding to a query from
the Colonial Secretary of Singapore about the status of the island, stated that
"the Johore Government does not claim ownership of Pedra Branca".
On 21
December 1979, Malaysia published a map that showed the island to be within its
territorial waters. This ignited a 29-year territorial dispute which, together
with the issue of sovereignty over the nearby maritime features of Middle Rocks
and South Ledge, the disputants presented to the International Court of Justice
(ICJ) for resolution.
On 23 May
2008 the ICJ ruled that Pedra Branca was under Singapore's sovereignty.
Although the island had originally been under the sovereignty of the Johor
Sultanate, the United Kingdom and Singapore had carried out various acts of
sovereignty in respect of the island.
The failure
of Malaysia and its predecessors to respond to these acts, and other actions
that demonstrated their acknowledgment of Singapore's sovereignty over the
island, meant that Singapore had gained sovereignty over Pedra Branca.
On the other
hand, Middle Rocks remains part of Malaysian territory as Singapore had not
manifested any acts of sovereignty in respect of it.
Will we get it back......
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